Yes, you can achieve what you're looking for by using linked meshes in Spine. Linked meshes allow you to share a single mesh across multiple images, which means you can have different images for an arm, for example, but control them all with a single mesh. This is particularly useful for changing colors or appearances without needing to duplicate the mesh for each variation, thus saving atlas space. You can find more information about linked meshes in the Spine User Guide: Meshes - Spine User Guide: Linked meshes.
Additionally, if you're using skins to change colors and are concerned about atlas space, consider using the same base mesh across different skins. This way, you can change the appearance and colors of parts of your characters without having to duplicate the mesh for each skin, which helps in reducing the amount of empty space used in your texture atlas.